Learning Styles Essay

Learning styles can be described as various ways to approach learning. There is the auditory learner, who learns best from hearing the curriculum said aloud, the tactile kinesthetic learner, who learns best being physically involved with the lesson, and then there is the visual learner. The definition of a visual learner is someone who learns ideas, concepts, and data through images and techniques. I am a visual learner because I learn best by seeing information first hand, which made my Economics class difficult, but I have learned to develop strategies for success. Certain qualities define me as a visual learner. I need quiet study time to focus on my thoughts, have great instinctive direction, and can easily visualize objects when they are described to me. I can easily memorize what I read and write and remember information well when I see it in front of me. Images, such as diagrams and charts, along with written lessons also help visual learners. I observe all physical elements in a classroom. When talking about historical events, it helps to have a time line to see when events occurred. When I have teachers who display notes on a Power Point or give a hard copy to go along with the lesson, it helps me to learn better. Only hearing the information given aloud makes it challenging for me to remember the theories they teach. These are the characteristics that distinguish me as a visual learner. My economics class in high school was challenging for me. The teacher was very vocal, and preferred to give information aloud, rather then show us. This was very hard for me because I had to pay very close attention and take notes in order to grasp the concept. This class was every weekday for 6 months, so it was very difficult for me to adjust, but I knew I had to if I wanted to succeed the class. Most of my grade was based on quizzes from the curriculum, so I really had to work hard to study and learn the curriculum to pass the class. Having a textbook to go along with the teacher was helpful, but could not replace learning from a teacher. I would have to look through the book after each lesson in class and study from the book to make sure I understood. Although it was difficult, I adapted to the new learning style. To help me be successful in school, I have adapted certain techniques to study. When I take notes, I can study by rewriting them later because when I write something over and over, it can help implant the topic in my brain. When it is allowed, I try to record lectures so in case I miss something while the teacher is talking, I can listen to it again later to  make sure I understand everything. Strategies like flashcards and visual cues are also helpful because I can look at them as many times as I need until I am sure I fully know the lesson. Making outlines after a class can help me to organize notes. When reading material, highlighting and underlining important parts in the text visually emphasizes what will be helpful to know. Making lists can help me catalog my thoughts in an organized manner. Videos related to the topic I am studying is another tool I can use. These are some of the ways I have trained myself to learn from any teaching style. Knowing my learning style and ways I can help myself succeed will be very helpful to me though college. I know I will have a variety of classes and teachers who will teach in ways that may not be the easiest. I can learn to study and grasp information in the way that will be most helpful to me. By studying other learning styles other than my own, I can learn to adapt to the way other teachers educate and succeed in all areas.

Environmental Values Paper Essay

Ecofeminism like other groups advocating the ideals of feminism is a particular distinction applied to women whose great efforts are directed towards the interrelations of society and nature. Greta Claire Gaard (1993) pointed out that the term ecofeminism is â€Å"more descriptive of a concern with cultivating an ecological ethic that goes beyond concepts of social justice† (p. 18). Ecofeminism is defined as â€Å"a value system, a social movement, and a practice, which offers political analysis which explore the links between androcentrism and environmental destruction† (p. 18). In other words, what Claire Gaard is pointing out is that ecofeminism is an awareness that starts with the understanding that the abuse of nature is closely â€Å"linked to Western Man’s attitude toward women† (p. 18). That is, according to Claire Gaard, there is a parallel in men’s thinking between their right to exploit nature, on the one hand, and the use they make of women on the other. Pluralism and environmental pragmatism on the other hand is not new to many of us. Thus, these two were not given much introduction in this paper though they are equally important topic. The most important principles of ecofeminism The most important principle of ecofeminism is to ensure that progress is tempered by an ethic of care for nature, and to create â€Å"sustainable level of progress that respect the needs of nature as well as the true needs of humans† (Meyer, M. K. & Prugl, E. 1999, p. 227). The first principle which emphasized on the care of nature is very important amidst the issue of climate change, globalization, maintaining ecological balance. Today, we are all aware of the enormous environmental problems created by human exploitations and abuses of nature. This includes deforestations through illegal cutting of trees and illegal farming, over fishing, exploitations of mineral reserves, conversion of lands to industrial and residential use, and so forth. Added to these are the burden of carbon dioxide emission of millions of cars around the world which are fast building greenhouse gasses that are creating global warming and climate change. With out ecological balance, our planet is doomed to become like a huge furnace that is no longer fit to live with. The ecofeminist emphasis on the ethic of care for the nature is consistent with the call of ecological scientists for everyone to help preserve our planet through taking care of our environment. Although this principle implies a double meaning, but they are right to say that progress should not be an excuse for environmental abuses and degradation. The other important principle of ecofeminism is to create ‘sustainable level of progress that respects the needs of nature as well as the true needs of humans. ’ Concern for the needs of nature may be different from simply preserving the nature it self, and sustainable level of progress requires careful intervention on the part of the government to implement protective laws that will ensure balance between the uses of ecological product and the sources. That is, with greater demands for these ecological products and with little efforts to replenish them, most of what we have now will soon become extinct. Emphasis on sustainable progress based on the needs of nature and true human needs is very important because it determines our future and the future of our mother earth. The most important principle of pluralism Pluralism confronts us in all aspect of our lives. Plurality pervades our society and it encompasses the different political, ethical, philosophical, religious, and cultural belief of any given society. Two most important principle of pluralism according to Timothy J. Demy and Gary P. Stewart (2000) is the so-called ‘distributive justice and the retributive justice (p. 75). The pluralist principle of distributive justice includes the emphasis on equity, equality, and need. As Barbara Mellers and Jonathan Baron explain, distributive justice is concern with fairness which defines the â€Å"apportionment of rewards, with the goal of facilitating social interaction† (p. 90). In other words, the pluralist principle of distributive justice is concern about equality and that justice and fairness is equally serving to all races regardless of beliefs and all barriers imposed by racist and discriminatory segment of the society. This is very important in our society for us to be able to live peacefully and meaningfully. The other most important pluralist principle is the retributive justice. Retributive justice according to Demy has to do with punishment of the crimes committed. In other words, crimes deserve punishment, â€Å"what one sow is what one reaps. † I believe that this important principle in order for the society to maintain order, peace, and security. State punishments of crimes committed are just as they are within the definition of the law. Retributive justice makes our society orderly, peacefully, and securely for everyone. The most important principle of environmental pragmatism There are perhaps several important principles of environmental pragmatism but due to space limitation, I only discuss in this paper the most important one. This principle is that, â€Å"the environmental issues have important value and ethical components that must be addressed in the formulation of environment policy† (Minteer, B. A. & Manning, R. E. 2003, p. 220). This principle is true not only in the context of the writer but in the context of the reality that confronts us, regarding the problem of global warming and climate change. In this context, environmental issues are very important in the formulation of environment policy because it concerns the future of our society and the future of our world. Which principle best complement my values and ethical beliefs regarding environmental issues. While ecofeminism provides us understanding about how sustainable level of progress can be attained with out abusing the environment, and the principle of pluralism showed us the way to live a peaceful life and secure life, but it is the principle of environmental pragmatism that best complement my values and ethical beliefs regarding environmental issues. I would like to emphasize further this view by entreating everyone wherever part of the globe to be environmentally conscious. As for me, I firmly believe that all environmental issues are important issues that can affect our lives not only in our generation but also the next generations and onwards. We must all be aware of the impact of pollution that we tossed up in to the atmosphere and try to do our part to stop the things that pollutes our society, and our planet. Let us rally our selves in support of the effort of preventing global warming and climate change to get worse.I believe it not to late yet to act on this problem. References Demy, T. J. & Stewart, G. P. (2000) Politics and Public Policy USA: Kregel Publication Gaard, G. C. (1993) Ecofeminism USA: Temple University Press Mellers, B. A. & Baron, J. (1993) Psychological Perspective son Justice USA: Cambridge University Press Meyer, M. K. & Prugl, E. (1999) Gender Politics in Global Governance USA: Rowman & Littlefield Minteer, B. A. & Manning, R. E. 2003, p. 220 Reconstructing Conservation USA: Island Press

Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 12

Operations Management - Essay Example Service operation is a process that is concerned with the maintenance of daily operations that occur with in an organization. Service operation management makes sure that the daily activities of the business run normally without any interruptions. Service operations management focuses on the infrastructure and the daily activities that are used to deliver services for an organization. Some of the tasks that occur in service operation include fixing problems that occur in the organization, fulfilling the user needs and requests, resolving failures of the system, and undertaking routinely operational tasks. On the other hand, manufacturing operations are the tasks that an organization undergoes in order to produce a commodity. Manufacturing operations make sure that the production of the commodity that is needed has been successful. In addition to that, it makes sure that the quality of the goods or commodities needed are met. While service management focuses on the maintenance of the infrastructure and meeting the requests and orders of a client, manufacturing operations makes sure that the needed commodity is produced.Service operations deal with the services that are to be given to the organization while manufacturing operations deal with creating the goods that are needed for production in the organization. This is to imply that service operations deal with the intangible while manufacturing operations deal with the tangibles in an organization.

Two Companies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Two Companies - Essay Example Toyota is also facing legal problems like Harrison Keys, in suits against them for faulty car parts. The Company has responded to the crisis that has necessitated recall of its vehicles by promptly hiring new engineers, hiring 979 engineers within the span of 2005 as compared to merely 310 in 2001. The company also carried out plans to hire 850 engineers in 2007. Moreover, the Company has also deviated from its corporate tradition of only hiring engineers who will stay and grow with the Company, focusing on hiring engineers in mid career. The Company has also issued numerous apologies and immediately recalled defective cars in order to avoid potential lawsuits, capitalizing on the good for the Company in the public eye. There are hectic efforts underfoot within the organizational framework of the Company to look into the quality issues and to make the necessary corrections. The Company has also created two additional managerial positions that are dedicated to maintaining quality control. These measures appear to have worked in the interim to help the Company maintain its sales figures. The fact that the Company is focusing on addressing the quality concerns and taking steps to redress the problems, appear to have reassured the public, which is used to the high quality of Toyota vehicles. The latest quarter sales figures showed that the Company is weathering the economic uncertainties and rising fuel prices in the global market and net profits rose to nearly $4 billion in the last quarter. (Fackler, 2007). This further appears to indicate that customers are willing to reply upon Toyota’s long term reputation for quality and forgive the recent aberration which has taken place. The Ford Company has also experienced problems similar to the scenario presented in the Harrison keys issues case, where disruptions such as selling off non core assets and discontinuing models

Discuss Augustines understanding of the relation between human loves Essay

Discuss Augustines understanding of the relation between human loves and the love of God, with particular focus on his experience of the death of his friend (described in Book IV of the Confessions) - Essay Example He emphasized loving the earthling and the immortal was same. God resided in the very heart of humans which stirred love. â€Å"Self love and love of others coincide with love of God when inserted into the ordered hierarchy of loves† (Cavadini and Fitzgerald, 29) Augustine opposed self love and termed it as evil, which misguides humans taking them in the opposite direction of the eternal power. For him human existence was a struggle where one copes with sin and salvation. The triumph over salvation could be achieved only through divine grace. For Augustine the concept of proper love was always directed to God as he believed that the very thought of love was incited by God himself. â€Å"All we can do is to love God, who is love, for God’s sake.†(Boeve, Schrijvers, Stoker and Vroom, 279) Loving fellow human beings in the right spirit was equal to loving God with full dedication of soul, heart and mind. Augustine implied the desire to find one’s inner self was synonym to the desire of attaining proximity with the Almighty. Yearning to love one’s fellow being was equal to the desire to love God. Augustine’s theory of love was inspired by Neo-Platonist tradition which encouraged the thought that love was a creation of God in which human participation was very essential for the welfare of humanity. God was the ultimate finishing point and love provided the path to reach that goal. â€Å"The ultimate vocation of the Christian then is grow in his or her relationship to God. The self must learn how to abandon itself for the sake of participating more and more in God’s love.† (Boeve, Schrijvers, Stoker and Vroom, 279) This understanding of love is called kenotic view. Augustine perceived love as the rescue boat which transports the fallen human beings to God’s grace. The underline of this thought was the relation shared between a human and God was a central relation,

Ozone Depletion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ozone Depletion - Assignment Example Closer to the ground, in the troposphere, ozone is considered a pollutant with harmful effects on breathing and plants. However, the layer of â€Å"good† ozone lies in the stratosphere, between 20 to 40 kilometers from ground. It blocks most of the harmful ultraviolet rays that increase the risk of skin cancer, reduce yields in certain crops and also stress marine life from reaching the earth from sun (â€Å"Ozone - Good Up High Bad Nearby† 2009). The depletion of the ozone layer has been most noticeable over the Antarctic region where a â€Å"hole† is seasonally created every year in spring since late 1970s. This hole, actually a large area in the stratosphere with severely depleted ozone, grew to 26 million square kilometers in 1998 and its largest size recorded was in 2006 when it touched 29 million square kilometers (â€Å"Ozone hole maximum is up on 2007† 2008). The stratosphere above the Antarctic is crucial to maintaining the global average concentration of ozone layer. Ozone is unequally distributed around the globe and is concentrated near the poles (Is total ozone uniform over the globe?). The flow of winds to and from poles keeps the ozone in circulation globally. Depletion over the Antarctic, the area of highest concentration, contributes considerably to the net effect of overall ozone reduction in the atmosphere. It is also here that the thinning of this layer is most dramatic. Unlike other places, the chemicals, such as CFCs, that destroy ozone get trapped over the Antarctic during the dark winter through a unique phenomenon, the â€Å"polar vortex†, and become part of clouds that are unique to this region. Extreme cold also creates ice crystals in these clouds. During spring and summer, as the temperature warms, the ice crystals initiate reactions that break down the CFCs into more active chlorine molecules. These, in turn, break down the ozone molecules into oxygen (â€Å"Ozone Facts: What is the Ozone Hole?† 2009). As the ice

Wise Blood By Flannery OConnor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wise Blood By Flannery OConnor - Essay Example For instance, Motes has the character of a martyr, despite spending most of his time trying to run away from God. As a child, Haze was convinced he could avoid Jesus if he avoided committing sins. When this does not seem to work, he becomes determined to convert to nothing. Motes cannot go to any place without people mistaking him for a preacher, no matter his actions. Nevertheless, the key purpose of the novel is to show that here is an exploration of repercussions of the decision made by Motes after deciding to reject God. Sin and forgiveness, as a theme is clearly depicted in almost all the characters, in the novel. When Motes pursues the new prophet, Solace Layfield, Motes rams his car and runs over him. Right before Layfield dies; he confesses his sins, including the fact that the car was stolen and asks Jesus for help. This scene serves to the give the novel a moralistic lesson. Readers learn that it is difficult to deny Christ’s salvation in both life and death; in deat h, Layfield does not resist Christ’s presence and asks for forgiveness. The idea in his mind, that, Jesus would have sacrificed his life for every sinner â€Å"in ten million deaths† (p.10), haunts Motes. Motes later comes to a conclusion that he does not believe in such beliefs as evidenced in the text; â€Å"There was already a deep black wordless conviction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ .... The author indicates that Motes soon realized that he was not supposed to watch a naked lady, let alone one in a casket, as it was sinful to do so. Motes punished himself for his actions. O’Connor also quotes for her readers, on her views on sin; â€Å"You can tell people better how terrible sin is if you know from your own personal experience.† (O’Connor 15). It is evident that the author is sending the message; sexuality is sinful. The figure of Christ is the other theme, in the novel. O’Connor informs her readers that before Motes decided to join the army, he wanted to become a preacher. Motes goes home only to avoid Jesus who appears in his mind numerous times. As the author explains, no matter what Motes does Jesus moves "†¦from tree to tree in the back of his mind, a wild, ragged figure motioning him..."(O’Connor 47). It is a figure that reminds Motes he is in dire need of salvation. Hazel Motes returns to the small town only to establish the â€Å"Church without Christ†. Hawk, a preacher in the town informs Motes that he will never run away from Jesus, but despite being told this, Motes still believes that Jesus does not exist. This is evidenced when he says â€Å"I’m going to preach a new church; the church of truth without Jesus Christ Crucified (O’Connor 28). O’Connor’s assertion of the figure of Christ is also depicted through the use of signs. When Motes drives all the way into the country, he stops and sees a sign that says â€Å"†¦Jesus Saves†. This emphasizes the fact that Motes cannot escape Jesus Christ, despites all the efforts used. The working of God’s grace in a person’s life is also another key theme in Wise Blood. O’Connor’s concept of Grace in the central character, Hazel Motes, is strongly enforced

Reading Response Questions for One.Life ( Preface chapters - Chapter Essay

Reading Response Questions for One.Life ( Preface chapters - Chapter 5) - Essay Example Indeed, McKnight explains that many people have misinterpreted Jesus’ teachings about the kingdom. To many Christians, it only entails going to church and reading the Bible. However, Jesus emphasized that God’s kingdom entails going beyond this and identifying a dream which has been chosen for them by God. Ubuntu is a term associated with African Traditional Religion. It means humanness. In other words, it is a spirit of kindness and togetherness. Actually, Africans were great egalitarians who believed in the kinship system, sharing and egalitarianism. I think it was supported by Jesus because He preached about generosity, love and brotherhood. 5. If you do not already know the Lords Prayer by heart, I recommend you memorize and pray it daily throughout this class on Christian Faith and Life. Write it out here in whatever version of the Bible youve been using in your study. (You can find this prayer that Jesus taught his disciples in Matthew 6: 9-13 or Luke 11:

ACC501 - Accounting for Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

ACC501 - Accounting for Decision Making - Essay Example It has expanded rapidly since its insinuation and now has a global presence across all continents - Europe, Asia Pacific, South America and Africa and Middle East markets. In the global market, Ford faces heavy competition. The key competitors of Ford include Aston Martin, Mercedes, General Motors, Chrysler, Toyota, Audi, Daewoo, Honda and Porsche. In addition, it faces strong competition in the local markets as well. For instance, in Asia Pacific, Ford faces strong competition from different companies like Fiat, Tata, Hyundai, Maruti Udyog etc. Ford, unlike its competitors, has ventured into the production of a number of different classes of vehicles. It is evident from the diversity of cars ranging from Jaguar, Volvo, Mercury, Lincoln, Land Rover and Mazda (Davies, 2008). Ford also owns a rental business, Hertz Rent a Car with the aim of getting a wider customer base and collecting profile information. If ford Corporation plans to expand a new plant in China, where it expects a huge demand for its products, than it will be a relevant cost to be considered since this activity will result in incremental benefits that the firm will enjoy. If Ford Company accepts the Labor unions demand for increase in 25% of its wages, it will also be a relevant cost since if the decision is incurred they will face an increase in 25% of the direct labor costs therefore it is relevant. Any cost which does not affect the decision is considered as a non-relevant cost. For instance if Ford company is spending an huge amount of money on the research and development for getting the product for sale than it will be regarded as a sunk and non-relevant cost since they do not increase or decrease the sales neither they change the real costs of the organization. Due to advancement of technology, most of the organizations are efficient as is Ford since it is operating on the state of the art technology. As a result of this Ford is underutilized, and

Culture of Chinese Family Stereotype Essay Example for Free

Culture of Chinese Family Stereotype Essay Taiwan, my mother country, though suffering under complicated identification obscurity, is still applying Chinese culture and values. We still commemorate Chinese New Year, QingMing Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, and so forth. We still believe in Confucianism and Chinese ethic moral rules like â€Å" †, â€Å" †, â€Å" , †, to name but a few. In addition, we also share the similar diet culture, since our staple food mostly based on rice and noodles. There are surplus parallels between Taiwanese culture and those adopted in the mother China even though we’ve been separated geographically for centuries. Though Taiwan is politically independent from China, as a Chinese, I would still accept the perspective that I’m belonging to part of the Great Chinese Culture Region( ), as we can call it â€Å"Chinese Family†. Although modern technology and knowledge keep flourishing, people nowadays may think that western culture somehow influence people more, included religion believing , fast food culture, insight of democracy and freedom, western literature, and so on. However, as a Chinese, I can’t deny that Chinese culture did affect our daily living physically and mentally. Many values originated from the ancient people and philosophers, included those in ,,,, still maintain clear and essential in our mind , since we have been taught to follow the concept and the worship the good deeds those ancient sages and virtuous, like Confucius, Zhuangzi, Mencius, Yao and Shun( )†¦ have conducted. â€Å" †, â€Å" †, â€Å" †, â€Å" †, â€Å" , , †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ these values not only affect the way Chinese people think, but also become a sub consciousness which lead to the way we live. As we often emphasis the importance of studying, Chinese parents are willing to spent their whole life working hard so their children can accept better education because they believe the sayings, â€Å" †, â€Å" , †. In contrary, western families take less focus on their children’s academic performance; they would rather think that children should seek out their interest instead of obtaining all A grades at school. Furthermore, it would also affect how parents educate their children, and this educating concept would pass on by generations. And the phenomenon is just the same in Taiwan as that in Mainland. As most Chinese parents always believe and hope their children to be the best( , ), they usually devote more than western parents do, just to provide the best resources for their children. This may somehow spoil a child, too. As Chinese family often pass their fortune to their descendants, rather than considering parents’ fortune as their own, offspring of a wealthy family may no longer eager to achieve his own life goal and seek his own fortune. In contrary, western children usually gain their own fortune by their hand, on their own, which is considered more independent and responsible. There’s a real story of a business man. Because he’s so busy and so was his wife, they’ve decided to send their 13 years old son to New Zealand for a couple of months, and there was a friend named Marry, who could take care of their child. When the child met Marry, the first thing she said was, â€Å"Listen, my sweet heart, I’ll like to notice you that I’m here only to take care of your living, but doesn’t mean I should make you breakfast, do your laundries and dishes, you should do it all by yourself. You’re now 13, which is definitely able to start taking care of yourself. Parents aren’t responsible to look after your whole life; thus, you should be independent from now on. You live your life and I do mine own business, is that clear enough? † After 6 months, while the business man and his wife picked their son back from New Zealand, they’re totally stunned; their son had changed thoroughly mature. He began to make breakfast, woke up early himself and was able to schedule his own life, which he never did before. This dramatically change simply based on how western and eastern parents educate their children. As a result, it leads to the circumstance that western children are usually more independent. In addition, the value of women rights also maintain deeply in Chinese people’s mind, though we are now in a world advocating gender equality. Even nowadays, some people still believe the concept â€Å" †, â€Å" †, â€Å" , , †, but mostly the elders. Thanks to the revolution New Culture Movement ( ) brought to the Chinese society. People started to explore and accept new technology and knowledge, not only the perception of Democracy() and Science( ), but also the new century values. For instance, in the old days, women are forced to bound their feet from their young ages, so that their feet may look tiny and delicate, which ancient Chinese regarded as sexy and beauty. They even worshiped tiny feet as â€Å" †. This social usage only happened in the upper classes which higher status women did not need to deal with tuff tasks that rural area women did. On the other hand, it also lead to the phenomenon that women were having lower social position than men were. But after the New Culture Movement and other further revolutions, women gradually stopped to suffer from the pain bounding feet brought to them, and started to handle more housework; little by little, women’s social status had been raised. When it comes to the argument of women’s right and discrimination, it’s no doubt that Chinese ancient culture and concept have deeply influenced the way the majority behaves. Not only in Mainland, but also the whole Chinese cultural region, included Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, and other South East Asian countries. Take Japan as an example, Japanese girls are well known for their virtuous behavior, while men are quite accustomed to chauvinism( ). This may be somewhat resulted from the old sayings originated from China; for instance, â€Å" , †, â€Å" †, and so on. However, women status obviously do rise in this century, modern parents may be more willing to give birth to a girl because they may think girls are sweeter than boys, ignoring the stereotype that having a boy is better than a girl. This stereotype is resulted from the traditional custom that boys are able to pass the family name, while girls no longer belongs to the family after they’re married. Plus, this is also a chief reason why ancient Chinese family sent a boy to school rather than a girl, cause only when a boy achieve high social status after , will the whole family gain benefits. Thus, brought out a novel which the feminine role have to disguise herself as a guy so as to be able to pursue education. We can see that phenomenon changes not only in giving birth to a baby, but also in education providing. In the old times, there were mostly boys that could access complete education instead of girls, but now, we may even discover that the numbers of girls are surprisingly higher than boys. Which some researches declaim that it’s because girls are innately more careful and thoughtful than boys are. The case is similar in industries and working places, more and more â€Å"Iron ladies† exist and keep on controlling the whole company, which may be more success than men. What’s more there’re even throngs of specific phrases for modern women, like â€Å" — †, â€Å" †, â€Å" †(which refers to women that haven’t married but are successful in their carriers), and so forth. There is an awkward circumstance that women in upper social status are mostly unmarried, and so as men within lower social status. This is due to two main reasons; first, women education is relatively emphasized than that in the past; second, traditional concept has that a woman should marry a man better than she is. As the result, a woman graduated from high school may marry a man finished college studying; woman finished college studying may marry a guy accomplished graduated school; woman accomplished graduated school marry a PHD guy; and a PHD woman may marry a professor; then who will a female professor marry? Obviously not a guy graduated from high school! This worrying case lead to a sad ending, which then somehow may strictly proofed the saying â€Å" †. However, to my opinion, I think this is a controversial issue because being married involves mostly on love itself, we shouldn’t blame it all to the Chinese cultural effects. But frankly speaking, we can’t ignore truth that these old sayings somehow match to the phenomena we’re now facing. Even though women are now capable enough to compare with men in industry fields, there still exist â€Å" †, which means however hard women try, the promotion rate and the salaries are relatively lower than that of men’s. This may also be an outcome of the Chinese stereotypes that men are more capable then women are when it comes to work. For conclusion, old Chinese concepts really influence modern society deeply in an unmeasurable degree. All in all, although ancient Chinese empires had faded into history, glorious kingdoms had turned into dust, brilliant philosophy of ancient saints only exist in books now, the influence they brought to this Chinese world still remain and just couldn’t be erased from our mind. Chinese culture and ancient concepts couldn’t be ignored. They’re now the biggest part of our life because they’re what we come from, and what foster us. It’s our soul, our mother characteristic. Also, they’re things that allow us to identify ourselves as a member of this huge â€Å"Chinese Family†. And because it’s uniqueness and specialties, we’re always able to find our loyalties. In this complex culture integrated world, finding a sense of belonging is really important, because it may make us feel comfortable and gleeful to be part of this big family. We can even say that, without Chinese culture, we can’t be who we are now. Cherish our culture and maintain it well so as to pass the Chinese spirit on and on is what our generation should do. Despite of focusing and arguing on whether I’m a Taiwanese or a Chinese, It’s more vital and meaningful to define myself as a member part of Chinese culture. I’m from Taiwan, and I’m a Chinese. I’m proud of my identity; I’m proud of this Chinese family I belong to. It’s where my mind and spirit mature, where my ancestor struggled for their lives and for the next generation, for us.

Cause of the Difference between West and East Eating Habit

Cause of the Difference between West and East Eating Habit The Cause of the Difference between West and East Eating Habit   1. Introduction Why people distinguish calling between Western and Eastern or Eastern and Western.   There are many reasons, maybe it is because that it is divided by ocean which people cannot easily cross.   In the other word, East countries and West countries were not easily connected until some point in the past. In that sense, food culture is also very different. Even though eating habit is a part of food culture, there is an obvious contrast between the East and West.   In this report, we will compare what is different about the eating habits and find out nutritional problems. 2. Methodology Data was collected from international co-worker and friends from March of 2017, aged 25~35 year olds. 3.1. The Cause of Different Eating Habit between Western and Eastern   Ã‚  Ã‚   a. Main food ingredients for environment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -The most of the Eastern countries have good weather for growing grains. Among them is especially rice. The rice grows well in the monsoon climate. The features of monsoon climate are the seasonal change of the wind, the humid summer, and the dry winter. Though this climate often brings death and destruction, monsoon rains are an annual phenomenon in Asia and are vital for food productivity and overall economic growth.   This led to the development of rice and vegetable dish rather than western. On the contrary, most of the Western countries climate have suited the wheat and livestock industry Suraj Yadav (2014)provide information about wheat which is well growing in cool, moist climate and ripens in a warm, dry climate. U.S Department of Agriculture (2011) provide information about a largeof wheat is still have been produced in the Western and it has been exporting to the Asian countries. http://necsi.edu/research/economics/grainconsumption.html    For this reason, a variety of flour based food has been created and have developed in the West, for example, bread, pizza, pasta and so on. Also, there is a wide range of fields for raising livestock. This was a good way to get quality meat, so eating a meat meal is common. Therefore, the recipe and cooking methods for bread and meat have developed, Even now, there are many kinds of food which are using the wheat and meat than East. On the other hand, the kind of recipes for rice and vegetables in the West countries are very few compared to East countries.   Ã‚   b. Differences Food Culture   Ã‚   We can see the difference in eating habit by the tool.    Westerners cook the food ingredients in large pieces and cut the food on their plates using knives and forks while east people cut food ingredients into bite size before cooking, then use chopsticks to eat. The use of these tools is affecting the cooking time and eating time. To put it simply, Western food tends to need more time to cook and eat, because using the big food ingredients through that survey, we can know this information 2) The Problem of Each Eating Habit a. The problem about eating habits It is commonly known that Eastern people eat food quickly. As mentioned above, this is why, it is influenced by the cooking tool and cooking methods, but it causes obesity because when people eat fast, people normally feel less satiated than those who eat slower and therefore end up overeating.   Ann MacDonald(2011)who is Harvard health contributor said that people who eat fast tend to consume more because they do not give their brains a chance to tell the body that it is full, even they tend to swallow food without enough chew, and prefer the spicy flavour, but these eating habits are very harmful to stomach. On the other hand, a lot of Western people prefer frying as cooking methods. Many dishes are easily cooked by this methods, but it can cause many diseases such as obesity, hypertension.   S.D. Wells(2011)warn about the danger of fried foodand they tend to prefer sweetness. Sweetness is a property of sugar. It is known to be the cause of diabetes and obesity, and Julie Corliss(2014) executive editor said that sugar may raise the risk of dying of heart disease. b. The nutrition problem of each main food.   Ã‚   For our health, we should carefully check and study food nutrition facts.   Let us take a look at the rice and wheat which we were examples above. RICE http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/cereal-grains-and-pasta/5716/2 Nutrition Information As you can see in the chart, rice has high calories, the nutrient which can be a cause of obesity and these nutrient elements that are more important such as less vitamin B, protein WHEAT Nutrition Information Wheat has long been controversial among a great number of scientist. Wheat has many nutrients but also has many problems. KRIS Gunnars(2013)said that wheat contains a gluten which many people cannot properly digest. It causes anaemia, bloating and so on. Conclusion To sum up from what has been discussed above, it goes without saying that our eating habits are influenced by various environmental factors and our eating habits have a lot of problems. Especially, obesity and adult disease coming from wrong eating habits are the serious problems in a modern society. We need to lay our heads together to solve that problem. We should try healthy eating habits to live a happy and healthy life. The Reference List       Ann, M. (2010, Oct 19).Why eating slowly may help you feel full faster. Retrieved from   http://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/why-eating-slowly-may-help-you-feel-full-faster-20101019605 Julie, C. (2014, Feb 06).Eating too much added sugar increases the risk of dying with heart disease. Retrieved from http://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/eating-too-much-added-sugar-increases-the-risk-of-dying-with-heart-disease-201402067021 3)   Kris, G. (2013, May 27).Potential problems with whole wheat. Retrieved from https://authoritynutrition.com/6-ways-wheat-can-destroy-your-health/ Suraj, Y. (2014, APR 15). Climatic conditions for growing wheat. Retrieved from http://www.importantindia.com/12612/climatic-conditions-for-growing-wheat/ U.S Department of Agriculture. (2011). Global Grain Consumption Map. Retrieved from http://necsi.edu/research/economics/grainconsumption.html Wells, S. (2011, Dec 26).Health Basics : Why are fried foods terrible for your health?. Retrieved from http://www.naturalnews.com/034483_fried_foods_health_damage.html

Loves Labours Lost Essay -- Plays Shakespeare Papers

Love's Labour's Lost The Elizabethans thought of it merely as "a wittie and pleasant comedie" ; Samuel Johnson remarked that "all the editors have concurred to censure [it]" ; and William Hazlitt opined, "If we were to part with any of the author's comedies, it should be this." It was not until well into the twentieth century that Love's Labour's Lost really came into its own, and this fact alone may be enough to make a case for it as Shakespeare's most forward-looking play. It is its ending in particular, an unexpectedly grim conclusion in which nothing is actually concluded, that has appealed to modern sensibilities and made Love's Labour's Lost the Shakespeare play for the twentieth century. Trevor Nunn makes this point emphatically in a recent National Theatre production that presents Love's Labour's Lost as a tale of society's passage out of the nineteenth century in the devastation of World War I. Though neither this idea nor any other aspect of his production is entirely novel, it emerges as possi bly the darkest interpretation of the play yet presented, taking the disturbing qualities that have so delighted modern audiences and pressing them to their limits and beyond. Reading the play now, it seems hard to believe that the unusualness of the ending could have gone apparently unnoticed for so long. With the stage set for the usual comedic ending of multiple marriages, the news of the Princess's father's death comes as a complete shock: Marcadà © enters at a moment of such carefree mirth that the Princess playfully chides him, "thou interruptest our merriment" (5.2.712). A moment later, his news is told and the atmosphere of the play has noticeably changed, as Berowne himself acknowledges when he says, "The scene begin... ...ns. Ultimately, Nunn succeeds in making his dark vision of Love's Labour's Lost convincing, and in using the play to make the usual points (the fleeting nature of happiness and happy endings, the necessity of confronting difficult realities, the inevitability of death) with exceptional force. But these triumphs come at the price of two priceless aspects of Shakespeare's ending: its unanticipated overthrow of audience expectations and its startlingly modern open-endedness. Bibliography Gilbert, Miriam. Love's Labour's Lost. Shakespeare in Performance Series. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 1993. Holland, Peter. English Shakespeares. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Peter, John. "Growing Pains," Sunday Times, Feb. 2003, p. 19. Woudhuysen, H. R., ed. Love's Labour's Lost. 3rd series. London: The Arden Shakespeare, 1998.

Violence In The Media Essay -- essays research papers fc

 Violence in the Media It’s the ever-present question that has been asked by authorities, educational institutes and parents alike. Does violence in the media influence the behavior of society? Some say yes, others say no. Other questions posed that I will try to clarify in this essay are those to do with what, if anything is being done to control this virus. To fully comprehend these questions we must first understand what is meant by violence in the media, and whom it effects, if anyone at all. Also, did violence in the media come first, or was it derived from violence in the ‘real world’? There are arguments that can be stated from both sides. Some say that escalation of violence in society is a symptom of deteriorated value systems and poor parental instruction. Others say, and this is backed up with factual evidence, that violence that is seen on television, in the movies and in video games is directly linked to the violence in society. Either way, there is too much violence in the mass media and the outcome of this can in no way, shape or form be of a positive nature. Violence has become an ordinary way to be entertained, settle arguments, or blow off steam. Violence results when many different things come together, and we know that violence in the media is one of those things. Children spend more in a week time watching TV than doing anything else, other than sleeping. Violence, however, isn't limited to TV-it can be found in music, video games, comic books, newspapers, and magazines. Exposing children to violence can desensitise them to violence and make them more fearful of others, causing them to act more aggressively. Fortunately, most media violence can be unplugged. The term mass media can be used to describe television, cinema, video games, books, music, the Internet, newspapers or magazines. Everyday we are confronted with violence that is portrayed in the media. Everywhere billboard we go past, every movie we see, every magazine or newspaper we pick up will inevitably have violence in it. Whether it is informing us about it, or using it as entertainment, people are susceptible to this violence. The main age group that is influenced most immensely by this is young children. Since they are exposed to violence in the media from such a young age, they believe that violence is praised, even funny. They presume th... ... one night a week a family night. Plan some activities for the whole family. Don't buy products whose advertisements glorify violence. Express your concern to the manufacturer. Violence is everywhere. It is an impossibility to avoid it. Refusal to address the issue will not solve it. The parents must stop allowing TV to be the baby sitter and sole educator of their children. TV is a medium for entertainment, not instruction. The parents must seize responsibility of properly raising their children. Herein lies the solution. Do not to TV land for salvation, because it is like a mirror, it will reflect your image. Just as one cannot complain to a mirror that one is fat or ugly, one cannot blame TV for our own evils. Bibliography Kim, Timothy Young ‘Media and Violence’ Available www-edlab.cs.umass.edu/~tkim/media.html online 1998 Kopel, David B ‘The Impact of the Mass Media Revolution,’ Kansas Journal of Law and Public Policy Available http://i1i.org/SuptDocs?issuPper/Irmaddag.htm Online ‘The Mass Media’ Document;  Grolier Encyclopedia 1996 VIOLENCE IN THE MEDIA

The English School: A Via Media Essay -- Education, International Rela

The English School: A Via Media The English School, also recognize as The International Society approach of the International Relations is a â€Å"Via Media† (Buzan, 2001, p471) between the Rationalism and Realist elements. The idea is that instead of separates elements, these should form a whole picture of the International Relations. The unique approaches of the English School to International Relations are its methodological pluralism, its historicism and its interlinking of three very important concepts: International System, International Society and World Society. The English School is not widely know in the American International Relations typical field, maybe because of its roots are The British Committee and early works and lectures about the international society from Charles Manning and Martin Wight. According to Buzan the work of the British Committee is key because of the â€Å"diverse group that contained not only people from several academic disciplines but also practitioners from the world of diplomacy† (Buzan, 2001) To Buzan in his work â€Å" The English School: An Underexploit Resource in IR† and Devlen, James and Ozdamar in â€Å"The English School, International Relations and Progress† the English School is key a theory because its provide an opportunity to explore the area between the Rationalism and the Realist elements and how this elements can work together in a integrated approach to the study of International Relations. Starting Point The English School is based on a three-way division among: International System, International Society and World Society or as Wight’s original formulation: Realism, Rationalism and Revolutionism. The International System that is sometimes named by Hobbes or Machiavelli is all about po... ... the value of all three, system, society and world society, and its work shows greatest allegiance with the societal account of International Relations (Devlen, James and Ozdamar 2005). Conclusion The English School plays and important and unique part of the International Relations combining a pluralistic approach and filling the gap between the two major elements. Also its methodical and historicism approach make the English School available to other disciplines that enrich the result of the International Relations studies. The English School also includes Order and Justice in their framework and is an obligation of the great power to preserve this order and to apply justice when need it. Finally the English School approach demonstrates that in order to understand International Relations it is essential to recognize all the variables and actors involved.

Economic development in Saudi Arabia Essay

The topic about economic development has become contentious among many economists in the global scene. The paper focuses on economic development in Saudi Arabia. Discussion about the various concepts and theories about economic development has been introduced. An investigative approach has been applied in the analysis of the various factors affecting the economy of the country. All the theories and aspects of economic development identified have been integrated in the essay by providing a link between theory and practical aspects of the topic. The major emphasis is about the economy of Saudi Arabia (Bourland, para 5-9). Economic development is the establishment of new structures within an economy. Structural changes are brought about by the establishment of new infrastructures and programmes, for example; the condition of health and education in a country, population control policies, and many others. It is the expansion of both macroeconomic and microeconomic aspects of a country and does not focus only on the income of a country. Economic development is measured by the advancement of both private and public sectors in an economy (Arndt, pp. 457-466). Economic development is measured by the use of several parameters such as the improvement on the living standards of the people in a country, new infrastructures being introduced in an economy, increase in the national income and many other factors. Measuring economic growth by the use of one scale may become inefficient since there are many factors affecting the economy and its people. While assessing the aspects of economic development in a country, the main focus is on the long run status of the economy and the changes brought about by the government in a long period of time. Deviations are bound to happen in the short run; that is why the short run period is not adequate enough to measure the economic development of a country (Arndt, pp. 457-466). Background information about Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia covers a geographical area of 1,960,582 million sq. km. and has four cities; Riyadh, Jeddah, Makkah and Dammam. The terrain of the country is mainly a desert with rugged mountains in the southwest. The country experiences an arid climate with extreme temperatures in the interior. At the coast there is high humidity and temperatures. The total population of the country is 28 million with an annual growth rate of 1. 9 percent. The main religion is Islam and the official language is Arabic. The country is known to be the home place of Islam. the culture of the country is conservative and strict Wahhabi interpretations of the laws of Islam are adhered to by the Muslims. The literacy levels have been estimated to be at an average of 78. 8 percent with a great difference between men and women (male 84. 7 percent while female 70. 8 percent). The workforce is composed of 6. 49 million people with 35 percent being foreign workers. Monarchy is the system of government in the country and the constitution is based on the Holy Qur’an (Bureau of Public Affairs, para. 1-4). The kings are selected from the royal family. The king then establishes the government and the ministers to serve in the government. Saudi Arabia has joined World Trade Organization recently to promote trade in the country. The country is also a member of OPEC (Bourland, para 41). Economic development of Saudi Arabia As per the 2008 statistics the economy of Saudi Arabia had a gross domestic product of $527 billion with an annual growth rate of 6. 1 percent. The natural resources of the country are â€Å"Hydrocarbons, gold, uranium, bauxite, coal, iron, phosphate, tungsten, zinc, silver, and copper† (Bureau of Public Affairs, para. 5). Agriculture accounts for a small percent of the economy of the country. The main industries in the country are â€Å"crude oil production, petroleum refining, basic petrochemicals, ammonia, industrial gases, sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), cement, fertilizer, plastics, metals, commercial ship repair, commercial aircraft repair, and construction. † According to Bureau of Public Affairs (para. 5) the exports of the country in 2008 were valued at $364 billion while the imports where valued at $103 billion. In 2009 the exports were worth $180. 5 billion; petroleum and petroleum products accounted for 90 percent of the total exports. The government has established international relations with many countries in the world (Bourland, para 17). U. S. is the leading importer of oil products from Saudi Arabia. In 2008 oil exports were sold as follows â€Å"US 17. 2%, Japan 15. 3%, South Korea 10. 2%, China 9. 4%, India 5. 9%, Taiwan 4. 6%, Singapore 4. 4%. † the country made imports worth $86. 61 billion in 2009. The main imports are machines, equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, automobiles, and textile products. As per the data collected in 2008 the import partners are â€Å"US 12%, China 10. 4%, Japan 7. 6%, Germany 7. 3%, South Korea 5. 1%, Italy 4. 7%, India 4. 5%, UK 4%† (Bourland, para 29). Oil is the dominant economic product produced by the country for local use and export. It accounts for more than 90 percent of the exports of the country and 75 percent of the revenues collected by the government. Oil was discovered in the 1930s and large scale exploitation of the resource was done after World War II. The economic development of the country has been achieved through the sale of oil products to many countries in the world. Saudi Arabia has the largest oil reserves in the world and is the leading producer and exporter in the world. The government has control over all the oil produced in the country (Bureau of Public Affairs, para. 14). The increasing oil prices have made Saudi Arabia achieve fast economic growth and development. The country has enjoyed surplus balance of deficit in trade with other countries. The revenues collected from trade in oil are used to strengthen the defense of the country, carry out development programmes and to assist other Arab and Islamic countries. Saudi Arabia has influenced OPEC to raise the oil prices. This increasing demand for petroleum products is creating a lot of revenues to the country and there have been many expansions in the industries in the country (Bureau of Public Affairs, para. 16). To increase access to many foreign markets the country joined World Trade Organization in 2005. The government has encouraged foreign direct investment in the country to expand most of its industries. The living standards of many people in the country have been uplifted by the income from the sale of oil and its products. The government plans to expand the economy while maintaining its traditional Islamic values and customs (Bureau of Public Affairs, para. 31). The surplus budget of the country has enabled the government improve the education system and job training to its citizens. The infrastructure of the country has been developed to improve the economic activities. The government provides good wages and salaries to its employees to promote the living standards of the people (Bourland, para 13). Saudi Arabia has successfully entered the business world. According to World Bank Group (para, 1-6) â€Å"the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been rated as the 13th most economically competitive country in the world, according to the International Finance Corporation (IFC)-World Bank annual â€Å"Doing Business† report issued for 2010. † The government has enacted several reforms in many sectors of the economy to open up the market of the country to external investors. This has attracted many investors and the country is experiencing rapid growth in the business sector. The country has been ranked as the best in terms of business activities in the entire Middle East as well as in the Arab World (Bureau of Public Affairs, para. 51). International relationship with other countries has been improved to maintain peace in the region and to avoid conflicts which may affect the economy of the country. The government has established several embassies with foreign countries. Saudi Arabia has maintained good relationship with US for a long period of time. The two countries have been trade partners and they exchange products as well as other resources. U. S. has been the major importer of oil products from the country. Europe and Japan have also been good trade partners with Saudi Arabia and trade has been facilitated through establishment of agreements and negotiations. To maintain peace in the region, the Saudia government funds security agents to keep peace in the neighboring countries as well as other Arab countries (Bureau of Public Affairs, para. 19-25). The good relationship between U. S. and Saudia government has promoted security in the country. For example, â€Å"the United States has sold Saudi Arabia military aircraft (F-15s, AWACS, and UH-60 Blackhawks), air defense weaponry (Patriot and Hawk missiles), armored vehicles (M1A2 Abrams tanks and M-2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicles), and other equipment† (Bureau of Public Affairs, para 33-41). The Saudia armed forces is supported with weapons and training facilities by the U. S. government. The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers were used in the construction of military and civilian structures in the country. U. S. has promised to sell advanced defense military equipment to members of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). This is a strategy to improve self-defense of the members of GCC (Bureau of Public Affairs, para. 26-31). The economic development of Saudia continues to be affected by poor policies about human rights practices. Discrimination against women has remained a great challenge to the government. Ethnic and religious minorities are also not favored by the policies of the country. There are restrictions on freedom of speech and this has caused a global concern over the rights of the people to express themselves freely in the country. The press has been closely monitored by the government and strict rules have been placed to hinder spread of some information about the government. Several cases of abuse of prisoners have been reported as well as detention to citizens who are not guilty. Other human rights issues affecting the country are suppression of the rights of the workers, and the denial to change the government by the citizens. Since economic development is not only measured in terms of the GDP; the country is still lagging behind towards achieving success in the promotion of the economy (Bureau of Public Affairs, para. 32-40). The increasing population in the country is creating a great threat to the economy of the country. As the population increases more strain is placed upon the resources of the country. If the trend is not reversed the country will have inadequate resources to cater for the needs of its people. The excess control of the government to the private sector is creating threat to expansion of the private investments in the country. Foreign investors fear the strict policies established by the government upon the private investment. The system of the government also restricts growth and development of the economy since the kings come from the royal family. A democratic system of government is better since it encourages competition and good performance. Such a system increases the freedom of the people to express themselves and also provides rights to the citizens (Bourland, para 34). The global economic recession of 2007-2009 and its impacts on Saudi Arabia The economy of Saudi Arabia was affected by the global recession experienced by the world economies in 2007-2009. An estimated growth rate of -0. 6 percent in 2009 was achieved due to the poor performance of the global economies. 5 percent inflation rate was registered in the year 2009. Unemployment in the FY 2009 was estimated to be 11. 6 percent among Saudi males. The public debt of the country increased to 20. 3 percent in 2009 while the revenues declined to $167. 7 billion the same year. The public expenditure increased to $164. 3 billion in 2009. The economic recession can be traced from the subprime mortgages of the US. The banking sector in US issued many loans to subprime mortgage intermediaries. Due to the expanding market in the sub prime mortgage markets, many banks issued unsecured loans to the intermediaries. The climax of the boom was reached in 2007 when the prices of products started to increase and many subprime mortgage lenders were unable to repay their loans. This led to massive default of debts and banks registered huge losses. This reduced the lending capacity of many banks. The resulting effect was lack of credit in the economy and the collapse of many companies (Stapledon, pp. 29). Sub prime mortgages are policies which have a high risk of default. Subprime borrowers are the people with low incomes and have a poor credit history. They have higher risk of default compared to the prime borrowers. The US government had deregulated the real estate mortgages leading to massive investment in subprime mortgages. This caused the risky lending of subprime mortgages. The subprime mortgages were not popular initially but they became widely used in the 1990s. The climax of the sub prime mortgages was in 2006 when they accounted for more than 21 percent of all mortgages traded in the US market. The value of subprime mortgages in 2006 was valued at $600 billion. Many subprime mortgage intermediaries were established to reap the benefits of the expanding industry (Helleiner, pp. 44). Since the US is a major export partner to Saudi Arabia, a ripple effect of the economic crisis was felt in the country. Other economies were also affected and Saudi Arabia experienced declining exports for oil products. The imports purchased by the country were affected by global inflation and the country’s budget increased. Other economies declined since they had no market for their goods and Saudi Arabia reduced the oil exports. The entire world encountered economic crisis which resulted into failure by all sectors of the economy in the world (Stapledon, pp. 63). High levels of unemployment were experienced as industries closed down. International trade was affected by the economic crisis and this affected all sources of employment leading to high levels of unemployment. Poverty increased and the living standards of many people declined. Family incomes were low and the people barely survived through the hard economic period. The low incomes that people had could not buy the products in the market due to high rates of inflation. In the global economies, the crisis was at the peak in July 2008 but afterwards, it started to decline. The decline of the crisis started towards the beginning of 2009. The economy of Saudi Arabia has started to regain from the crisis. The economy has not yet recovered and a lot of investment is required to regain the normal economic situation as before. It will take a lot of time for the economy of the country to recover completely from the impacts of the crisis (Helleiner, pp. 35). Current strategies The government has introduced new strategies to promote economic recovery from the economic recession experienced in the recent past. The government of Saudi Arabia is encouraging private investors to extend investment in other sectors of the economy to avoid overdependence on oil. Only ten percent of the industries are non-oil manufacturing in Saudi Arabia. This sector provides employment to about six percent of the working population. This condition has been identified as risky and urgent measures have been adopted to reverse the trend especially after the global recession experienced in the country last year. The economic crisis affected the country due to over-dependence on oil as the main economic product. Other sectors have been neglected and this has created a major risk to the economy of the country. The government has permitted private and foreign investors to participate in telecom and power generation industries. Foreign direct investment has been encouraged by the government to increase the economic activities in the country as well as provide employment to more people (Bourland, para 38). Conclusion Economic development measures to changes in the structures, population, and the welfare of the people living in a country. The economy of Saudi Arabia has developed tremendously over the years due to the wealth of natural resources bestowed upon the country. Oil and other petroleum products are the main economic products produced and exported by the country. The country has established good relationship with other countries. It participates in trade with several countries. The government has offered assistance to neighboring countries and other Arab countries in terms of finances, peacekeeping and other aspects. The over-dependence on oil and petroleum products has placed the economy of the country at a great risk. Diversification in the economic activities has been encouraged to provide a better position in the turbulent global markets. Saudi Arabia has been adversely affected by the global economic crisis due to over-reliance on oil as the main economic product. The progress towards achieving success in economic development in the country has been hindered by the poor human rights practices experienced in the country. Work cited Arndt, H. W. Economic Development: A Semantic History. â€Å"Economic Development and Cultural Change. † Vol. 29, No. 3. (Apr. , 1981), pp. 457-466. Chicago: The Chicago University Press. Bourland, Brad. The Saudi Economy’s Golden Era: Phase Two. Saudi-US Relations Information Service. August 24, 2007. Brummer, A. â€Å"Turbulence Ahead; the Global Credit Crunch Has Hardly Begun to Bite: Much Worse Is to Come. Alex Brummer Predicts That 2008 Will Present Labor with by Far Its Sternest Economic Test†. New Statesman. Jan 7, 2008. Volume: 137. Issue: 4878. Bureau of Public Affairs. â€Å"Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. † Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs. April 2010. Retrieved May 3, 2010 from; Stapledon, N. , â€Å"Housing and the Global Financial Crisis: US versus Australia. Economic and Labor Relations Review. July 2009Volume: 19. Issue: 2. World Bank Group, Doing Business. 2010. Retrieved May 3, 2010 from;

Han and Roman Attitudes toward Technology

From the around second century B. C. E. to the third century C. E. the Han and Roman attitudes toward technology were different in how they took pride in some of their inventions with the Han accepting the role of the craftsmen and their technology they created showed in documents 1-4. However, the Romans did not do as much of this and did not care as much about the technology and how it could be utilized. This was shown in documents 5-8. Both Han China and the Romans did show a similarity in how their technology, even though it was viewed differently, helped to develop their Empires. Throughout these eight documents, everyone one of these had male from the upper class writing the document. I think an additional document that could be useful in answering the question of what the Han and Roman attitudes toward technology were would be a person from the lower class. This document would be useful because that the upper class did not show interest about the technology that a commoner might have used such as hand tools and other common working items. The Han utilized their technology more to the fullest and took pride in what they invented. In Document 1 it shows that technology was not just used as a luxury, but was used a necessary way to help prevent disaster. In this case the Han were trying to prevent flood and had walls canals and pools. There were also people assigned to inspect and repair these technologies to help their people by preventing floods. The Han took pride in ability to keep their people safe from floods and other disasters. Document 2 focuses more on how the government monopolized the making of tools and made them more cheaply and with less quality than the actual workers themselves did. Then the government raised prices on iron and some of the poor had to digress to older technology. Two examples of this is iron became too expensive and wooden plows were now being used instead of iron. Another example is that salt was too expensive and they couldn’t afford to season their food. Huan Guan takes pride in the technology and feels that the government is not utilizing it proper and feels that the technology is going to waste. Document 3 shows pride in their invention of the pestle and the mortar and how it helped to create very useful technology where, â€Å"The efficiency was ncreased ten times† then later on, â€Å"Benefit was increased a hundredfold. † Document four commends the technology and its usefulness directly contrasting with Document three’s point of view. A reason this may be is that it is government-sponsored and the government is trying to make itself look good. The Romans, however, were not as interested and shows little regard with how technology can affect them. Document five shows this where Cicero shows no admiration of craftsmen or any of their inventions. He says, â€Å"All craftsmen spend their time in vulgar occupations. Cicero and the upper class don’t really have interest in craftsmen technology. Document seven suggests craftsmen did something that anybody could have done and does not really respect them. He is implying that if the upper class doesn’t need the technology, it isn’t important. Now, Plutarch, on the other hand, was very satisfied with the technology of the roads and how nice they are in document six. He brags of Mile Markers and how this technology can be used by eve rybody. Frontinus was also very proud of the technology in Rome. He specifically boasted of the aqueducts and said that they were better than the pyramids of Egypt. This opinion may be a little bias though, because he is the water commissioner for the city of Rome. Even though the Hans and Romans had different views on the use of technology, both of these empires benefitted greatly from the technology that was invented in this time. Plutarch was very excited about the roads in document six, and he had very good reason to be. The roads were kept in very good condition that allowed them to travel throughout their entire empire. This was useful for delivering food across the empire in time of famine and also helped them to travel easier and quicker in time of battle. The Han’s technology also helped them to grow as an Empire and keep their people safe as shown in document one. They had walls, canals, and workers specifically designated to prevent floods. What is shown in these documents is that the Han and Romans have different values placed on technology, but also shows how they view the craftsmen and the people that may benefit from the technologies. The Han valued their technology more and therefore placed more respect on the people who invented, whereas the Romans didn’t not value the technology or the craftsmen nearly as much.

Business Function Integration Paper

BUSINESS FUNCTION INTEGRATION PAPER The Business Function Integration Paper is a 2 page paper where students provided insight as to how functional areas of a business or organization integrate to drive firm performance. Students are required to describe how their functional area of study (1) drives firm performance directly, (2) integrates with another functional area to drive firm performance, and (3) determines the success of the other functional area in the business. Tangible examples from current events are required for each point listed above.This assignment will require an understanding of multiple functional areas and how they integrate to determine firm outcomes. Please format the paper as Times New Roman, 10 point font, double spaced, with one inch margins. TRAIT| Fails to Meet Standards| Meets Standards| Exceeds Standards| Score| Properly Defines Functional Area(10 pts. )| Incorrectly defines functional area. | Provides a proper definition of the subject functional area. | Provides a holistic definition of functional area including relevant examples and their application. | Identifies Functional Area Responsibilities(10 pts. )| Identifies few, if any, responsibilities. | Identifies multiple responsibilities. | Identifies a comprehensive integrated set of responsibilities. | | Properly Identifies Linkages toFirm Performance(15 pts. )| Identifies few, if any, linkages with few, if any examples. | Identifies multiple linkages and provides relevant examples. | Identifies multiple linkages, describes their influence on firm performance, and provides relevant examples and their application. | | Identifies Integration withAnother Functional Area(15 pts. | Identifies a single linkage and example with another functional area. | Identifies multiple linkages and examples with another functional area. | Identifies comprehensive integrated linkages including relevant and insightful examples to another functional area. | | Identifies Linkages to Success of Other Fu nctional Areas(15 pts. )| Provides few, if any, instances of how the focal functional area leads to success of another functional area. | Provides multiple instances of how the focal functional area leads to success of another functional area. | Provides multiple comprehensive examples of how he focal functional area leads to success of another functional area. | | Quality of Written Work(35 pts. )| Paper includes multiple issues with respect to grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Paper is not in assignment context. | Paper includes some issues with respect to grammar, spelling, or punctuation. Paper is written to the standard of KSBI. Paper addresses assignment adequately. | Paper includes few, if any, issues with respect to grammar, spelling, or punctuation. Paper is written to the standard of KSBI. Paper offers novel insight into assignment topic area| | Comments| Total Score|

African American Literatury Essay

African-American literature can be defined as writings by people of African descent living in the United States of America. The African-American literary tradition began with the oral culture long before any of the materials in it were written on. Throughout their American history, African-Americans have used the oral culture as a natural part of black expressive culture. They are very powerful voices that give fuller meanings to words on a page. The America South is an important landscape in African-American literature. The South was a primary port of entry for slaving vessels. Most black slaves remained in the Southern states. The South was an important place for the African-American literature because the South was served as the site of hope and change for the black slaves but there were also horrors. The majority of African captives entered the New World from the Southern ports and remained in the Southern states. They relied heavily on the African cultural heritage and belief systems familiar to them. During their 300 years of slavery and servitude, black slaves and their descendants developed a complex relationship with the South. Amiri Baraka concluded that the South is a part of the scene of the crime, a land that is about the site of hope and the scene of the crime. For many African Americans, the South serves as the site of hope and change. The South has given birth to many African-American cultural practices, such as literature. This is the spiritual and ancestral home for African Americans and plays a dominant role in African-American literature. Before the American Civil War, African-American literature primarily focused on the issue of slavery, as indicated by the subgenre of slave narratives The most noted authors were all incited and inspired by the goings on in the south. Frederick Douglass was one of the most important African-American authors from the literary landscape in the South. He chronicled his life from bondage to freedom in his Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself (1845), which helped the American public to know the truth about the institution of slavery and dismiss the myth that slaves were happy and treated well. He said, the South was not only a notorious site of slavery, it was also a landscape of racial terror and widespread violence. The biggest crime the South ever committed is the institution and perpetuation of slavery. But the Southern landscape is more than just the â€Å"scene of the crime† in African-American literature. It has multiple personalities that demand multiple treatments. Many 20th-century African-American writers, whether born and raised in the South or not, have used the southern landscape in their works to explore the complex relationships African-American communities have with the South. In her poem â€Å"Southern Song,† Margaret Walker (1915 – 1998) sings a praise song to the southern suns and southern land despite the â€Å"mobs† and â€Å"a nightmare full of oil and flame. † Southern Song I want my body bathed again by southern suns, my soul reclaimed again from southern land. I want to rest again in southern fields, in grass and hay and clover bloom; to lay my hand again upon the clay baked by a southern sun, to touch the rain-soaked earth and smell the smell of soil. I want my rest unbroken in the fields of southern earth; freedom to watch the corn wave silver in the sun and mark the splashing of a brook, a pond with ducks and frogs and count the clouds. I want no mobs to wrench me from my southern rest; no forms to take me in the night and burn my shack and make for me a nightmare full of oil and flame. I want my careless song to strike no minor key; no fiend to stand between my body’s soutnern song–the fusion of the South, my body’s song and me. Margaret Walker’s poem characterizes the complex literary representations of the South in a great deal of African-American literature, for the speaker at once basks in the beauty of her homeland (â€Å"I want my body bathed again by southern suns†). Yet at the same time experiences a homecoming complicated by the threat of Southern violence (â€Å"I want no mobs to wrench me from my southern rest†). The theme of the southern home and its layered history is a prevalent one throughout the tradition of African-American literature. In conclusion, 90 percent of African-Americans lived in the South, it is no wonder that this landscape has taken on a great deal of cultural and historical significance. Literature from the South is complex and often absurd, as the region emerges repeatedly as a site of home.

Court Observation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Court Observation - Essay Example The Courts are arranged in order to settle local disputes and keep the society in an ordered form. This is an enduring process which was initiated around more than six hundred years ago. Before attending the court, I contacted each court to get known to the cases and times that can be attended since in some cases youth are not allowed to attend. I reattempted to visit the court on 1st April’ 2013. As I reached the District Court, many people were waiting and there were signs posted on the doors of court rooms notifying the instructions for entrance in the court. The opening of the building was magnificent. Though I was known to the fact that the public is allowed to enter the court room, in order to avoid being intrusive, I decided to wait patiently in the Cashier line with hope that I’ll be provided assistance by someone. Soon, my hopes were fulfilled and I was escorted by an individual into the court room. The arrangement of the courtroom was plain. The court room did n’t have any police present as well as didn’t have any defendant's box. The judge was a white, middle-class, middle-aged male. The public was allowed to sit on the backside of the court room. I immediately looked around and attempted to get known with the surrounding. I found a few number of people waiting either by themselves or along with their attorneys on the bench-seats while few were seated in the jury box in jail uniforms. I got seated and adjusted my ears and eyes to initiate notes taking. The case hearings attended by me were about a car incidence. The case was comprised of claims from two parties countering one another. As usual the claim was made by the plaintiff who was unable to view the defendant car arriving and attempt to evade. To counter this claim, the defendant whose leg and lower back got injured due to the collision with the plaintiff’s car. I observed that within the court room, the judge examined both claims simultaneously for saving time and ensuring quick processing. Although the legal way of examining such claims is that each is examined separately but this procedure was not followed by the judge for saving time. As I got into the court room, I got a seat on the backside reserved for public, in front of the judge bench located at the other side of the court room. On my right side, the claimant along with her lawyer was seated and in front of the claimant, the Barrister was seated on a layer. On my left side, the defendant was seated along with his Barrister seated in front of him. Initially the claimant was moved to the witness stand so that both partied can examine him. The claimant told that she parked her car to the road’s left side and then went to a nearby shop to purchase her daily groceries. Later on when she finished her shopping, she came back to her car and attempted to get it back on the main road. However, while trying to get to the road’s right side, she was unable to notice the car of defendant on time, and consequently she was unable to stay away from them as she didn’t had enough time and the two cars as a consequence smashed. After her little comprehensive description of the accident, she was cross examined by both barristers who asked numerous questions in order to dig out the facts. When the plaintiff’s examination was done, the defendant came to the witness st

Critical State Soil Mechanics (Geotechnical Design) Assignment

Critical State Soil Mechanics (Geotechnical Design) - Assignment Example esting, one study established the shear apparatus that the successive students used in studying the conditional changes in the shear zone both in clay and sand soils. Another study that obtained the soil ob the Cambridge data of a simple apparatus of shear test and on triaxial tests resulted into the publication of a critical state concept. The critical state theory was developed from the understanding of the soils that go through shearing. In the mechanics of the critical soil, clear shear strength would be showed when the soil experiences the shear at a constant volume, which is referred to as the critical state (Figure 1) (Heyman, 2008). In this case, there are three identified shear strengths for a soil that goes through shear. These are the peak strength, constant volume strength or the critical state, and the residual strength. Peak strength happens at a critical state depending on some initial state of the particles of soil that are sheared. A given loose soil would have its volume contracted during shearing, and would not develop the peak strength in high critical states. This means that the peak strength would be similar to the critical shear strength state when the soil stops the contraction. Such soils can be considered to have no distinct peak strength. The soils that are dense have slight contraction, and the granular interlock inhibits more contraction. For the shearing to be continued once the granular interlock occurs, the soil should dilate. Since addition shear force would be needed for dilation, peak strength would occur. If the peak strength resulting from dilation is overcome by the shearing, the p rovided resistance by soil would occur. Critical state has three parameters. These include the peak strength (, Critical state (), and the residual strength). Peak strength happens at or before the critical state. It is depended on the initial condition of the soil that is experiencing the shear. The critical state is considered being inside the

Literature review of proportional hazards model Research Paper

Literature review of proportional hazards model - Research Paper Example The prime factor that makes the modeling of preventive maintenance complicated is the quantification of the preventive maintenance’s effect at different intervals. This research is meant to model the preventive maintenance using the proportional hazard model. Objectives of the research The objectives of this research are: To develop a realistic model of preventive maintenance scheduling To introduce a heuristic approach to implement the proportional hazard model for preventive maintenance scheduling To use the full condition history of the equipment for scheduling the successive interval of preventive maintenance Methodology Appropriate explanatory variables will be used to fit two proportional hazard models, one for the equipment’s life after the corrective work, and the other for the equipment’s life after the preventive maintenance. The next interval of preventive maintenance will be scheduled using the two models within a simulation framework. Two distinct cr iteria will be used to estimate the schedules of optimal preventive maintenance, one of which will be a fixed horizon while the other will be the maximization of availability in one interval of preventive maintenance. ... Work Plan Time Activity End of August 2012 Approval of research proposal 1 September 2012 to 1 November 2012 Literature review 1 November 2012 to 1 January 2013 Data collection 1 January 2013 to 30 January 2013 Data analysis 1 February 2012 to 15 February 2013 Documentation of results 16 February 2013 to 30 March 2013 Thesis writing and editing 15 April 2013 Thesis submission and defense Literature review of proportional hazard model: The Proportional Hazard Model The proportional hazard model is one of the most widely employed statistical models in the field of engineering and biometrics where it is used for the analysis of survival data. Measurement error is common to happen in the biometric studies. It is hard to measure the variables of interest without making substantial errors. This imparts the need to make use of surrogates. Plugging in the surrogate yields a naive estimate that can be suspected for bias. Cox was the first to propose the proportional hazard model in the year 1 972. The proportional hazard model offers an analysis of the multivariate regression. Impacts of various covariates that affect a system’s TTF are estimated by this model. The proportional hazard model is used in different kinds of applications in the analysis of lifetime data. It is a very flexible and general model. These properties of the Proportional Hazard Model played a big role in its wide and quick adoption in different fields between the 1970s and the 1990s. These fields included but were not limited to economics, health service and biomedical research (Miller 1). â€Å"The proportional hazards model is often used in survival analysis (medical testing) studies. It is not used much with engineering data† (â€Å"Proportional hazards model†). The proportional

Interior and Spatial Design Contextual Studies Essay

Interior and Spatial Design Contextual Studies - Essay Example Generational change has also led to continuous shift in tastes. Spatial design comes in handy to sort these problems. For these reasons, this essay seeks to research and discuss the relationship between abstract painting and interior spatial design. Furthermore, the essay will include empirical studies of various artists and professionals in the field of fine arts and design. Through various reviews, I have learnt that painters and spatial designers are making immense contributions to the society. I have hence learnt that I will be in a position to create aesthetic appeal of homes. Through expertise in spatial art and interior design, I will be able to restore happiness and satisfaction to myself and the human race. Through appraisal of beauty, the field has enabled me to value specific objects in the society. I have also learnt the strategic use of interior design in drawing building plans taking into account interior spaces and probable rooming. In eventuality, they should award space appropriately to each section of a building. In my study of abstract paintings, I realized that they draw interests from everyone. On the contrary, I realized that a person who possesses a piece of an abstract painting could keep it for ages without having interpreted its meaning. Therefore, the value of such a work of art increases as time progresses in the sense that, it portrays not only its aesthetic value, but also the mysterious thought behind its conception. This misery behind the artistic works drew much interest from me, making me to relate commodities to their ideal values. Using an example of the value of money, I realized that everyone understands the importance of money and its value. However, people seem not to understand the real value of the money which is reflected by the purchasing potential as opposed to indicated numerical value indicated. In this respect, I have come to the conclusion that some abstract

Strategy for Call Centre Development Assignment

Strategy for Call Centre Development - Assignment Example Based on these considerations, this paper shall outline how a fully functional call centre could be implemented; including equipment use and usage of technologies alongside costs.   This paper is being conceptualized for NUI Galway which is a third level educational institution with 15,000 + students and a staff of about 500 with many different departments. First and foremost, it is important to consider the labour pool for the call centre. This labour pool would trigger the decision on where to set the call centre up. The decision on where to pluck the labour pool for technical support should be based on labour availability in the area where Galway is located, the labour competition, the educational level of potential agents, and appropriate wages for potential agents (Copito, 2000). It is also important to consider geographical factors, cost of living, quality of schools, transportation and similar factors affecting the labour pool. After duly considering and establishing particular qualities which the company would need from its technical support agents, potential locations and areas where the labour pool would be recruited can be set forth. Next, Galway also needs to decide whether it would own or lease property for its call centre (Copito, 2000). Leasing or owning property would now be based on the availability of resources within Galway’s resources. If a property is currently available for it to set-up its call centre, then there would be no need to lease property. The infrastructure involved in the call centre property should, however, be set-up in such a way as to meet the needs of the agents (Copito, 2000). In effect, the area should also house a place where the agents can park, eat, relax, and where they can avail of their immediate needs. Parking space is an important accommodation for the property because the most of the employees would be working night shifts and public transport would likely not be available to them (Copito, 2000). Parking should be on the ground level and should be outside to reduce the cost of accommodating indoor parking areas.                 

Precessing Vortex Core Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Precessing Vortex Core - Literature review Example While this appears to be an indication of perpetuated turbulence in fluid flow, experimental results have shown that the vortex tends to adapt to the force causing the spiral flow [10]. Fig 1: Precession of the vortex tending towards the equilibrium Fluid Flow in the Precessing Vortex Core Perhaps, it is on the basis of this tendency of vortex precession that the concept of swirl flow stabilization was developed for turbines. The precessing vortex core (PVC) has been defined by [14] as â€Å"...a three-dimensional time-dependent coherent structure developed in the exhaust nozzle of many swirl devices...† p. 147. Some of the challenges faced in adopting the concept of precessing vortex core point at the significance of the geometry of the combustor (for gaseous flow) as well as the instabilities in the thermo-acoustic. These are noted by [2] as significant sources of losses in stabilization process. According to [3], â€Å"...a precessing vortex core can be a source that drive s combustion instability† (p.1) and may lead to obvious undesirable results. This overshadows the beneficial effect of precessing vortex core sought for in a chamber such as an improved mixing of the fuel and air as well as stabilization of the flow. From the observation, the precessing vortex core can be linked to flow instabilities [3]. This was demonstrated by the interactions among the zones of recirculation during the flow process. Therefore, by considering the intricacies of precessing vortex core, research continues to expose the need for successful prediction of the mechanism and physics of flow stabilization. In such cases, efforts have been made to set up simulations that would properly model the speed of the flow propagation. This has been used by [3] to determine, with near precision, the exact position at which the flow propagation speed equalled the velocity of the incident flow at that very point of flow. From this simulation, it was expected that the turbulence at the base of the flow would enhance the speed of propagation of the flow. However, the investigation failed to simulate the desirable flow base structure that would give such results. This could be attributed to the challenge of flow stabilization that is attributed to the precessing vortex core. As such, to better understand the precessing vortex core and its effect on the fluid flow in swirl models used in fluid flow experiments, complications in swirl flow propagation models offer a good guideline [4]. Studies of the PVC are mainly done with reference to the operation of a gas turbine. Gas turbine models in such experiments were made to operate on lean combustion mixture that is premixed before injection in the fluid flow chamber of the turbine. These experiments have shown that introducing this premixed mixture in a swirl into the vortex is helpful in aerodynamic stabilization of the highly turbulent flows in the fluid flow chamber [4]. Fig 2: The view of the swirler (the out er and inner views) [4] At the core of the vortex, is a vortex line around which, every particle introduced into the chamber circulates. This results in the recirculation of the combusting mixture. This is because of the low pressure zone created by the circulating fluids. Experimental approaches have been developed to characterize structures of swirl generators. It is shown by these experiments that structural forms, flow interaction, and shape of the vortex play a role in precessing vortex

London millennium bridge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

London millennium bridge - Essay Example London Millennium Bridge London Millennium Bridge links the city of London with the Bankside. It’s 330m steel bridge over the river Thames and is 330m long. It’s the first bridge that was built across the Thames River in London since the opening of the Tower Bridge (1894). Another special feature about the bridge is that is the first pedestrian only bridge. The city is linked near the St Paul's Cathedral with the Tate Modern art gallery on the Bankside. The bridge officially opened on 10th June 2000 and was immediately closed after being open for 2 days as it swayed alarmingly. The movement was not expected to be so great and this led to a lot of criticism of the project. The extensive research took place on the design and the bridge was reopened again after modifications to the original design on 22 February 2002. Since, then it has not had any troubles and today is one of the major attractions of London attracting thousands of pedestrians and tourists every day. The M illennium Bridge is a simple concept which has been given shape via an extensive and complex design. Findings of the Review The review views the Bridge in 2 phases. First phase is before the reopening of the bridge in 2002 (after numerous modifications were made) and the second is after the reopening immediately after the opening and the 2 years that it was closed. The review terms the first phase as a complete failure due to the following reasons: It did not meet the criteria of a successful project It was not completed on time It overshot the initial budget The final product was not of the best quality and had to be redesigned Extra funds had to be raised in order to do the modifications The review terms the second phase as a success due to the following reasons: There is no wobbling and meets all the technical requirements It leaved up to the expectations It has contributed and generated revenue through tourism It has created jobs as it has opened up new business opportunities in the surrounding area Response to the Review Even though the findings of the review are accurate and based on quality research, it does not take into consideration all the factors into consideration before terming it as an initial failure. Yes the fact that the engineers failed to come up with a design that could have predicted the wobbling and make necessary modification cannot be ignored. But this kind pedestrian effect on the bridge was unpredictable. As there hadn’t been any previous recordings that had caused such major effects (Zasky, 2011). Also there are numerous other factors that need to be considered. Prior to this, there hadn’t been much literature on the lateral vibration of a bridge. Even though there were numerous instances where lateral vibration was observed, it was not given much attention and hence was not incorporated into bridge building codes (Newland, n.d.). Examples of other bridges that have registered lateral vibration are Auckland Harbour Roa d Bridge, Groves Suspension Bridge and Birmingham NEC Link Bridge. The research that has gone into finding a solution for the problem has lead to new literature on the topic and this will be used as benchmark for all the future projects. As mentioned above numerous other bridges, which are different in design and technology to that of London Millennium Bridge, that have vibrated due to the load of the crowd have come to light (Newland, 2003). Project manager of the Bridge said, â€Å"